
Now. Jean-Luc Comolli and Jean Narboni's article "Cinema/Ideology/Criticism" explains that films all have signifiers and signifieds. The signifier is the form or style of a movie. The way look of the film is its form. If there is fast editing, as in Paul Greengrass' The Bourne Ultimatum (2007), it's form is different from a film that uses minimal editing, such as Billy Bob Thornton's Sling Blade (1996). Or, if the film is gritty and gringy, such as Brad Anderson's The Machinist (2004), then it is different from a pretty clean film like Nick Cassavetes' The Notebook (2004). The signified is the content. The content of any film is always a political one, engaging in topics that have a message and a meaning that can be related to the politics of our society. The content can go along with the dominant American ideology such as Roland Emmerich's 2012 (2009), or it can be against it, as David Lynch's Mulholland Dr. (2001) might be.
According to Comolli and Narboni, there are five total categories under which narrative films fall. Since all films are inherently political, all films have a content that either aligns with, or contradicts the dominant ideology. Meaning is directly conveyed in the content, changed easily by the alteration of political discourse. Yet, meaning is also changed by form, since form and content cannot be understood separately. Although meaning is laid out by content, it is altered (or enhanced) by form. Thus, form either follows convention and therefore portrays the content and meaning in a more ideological fashion, or contradicts convention, portraying the content in a radical way, altering the meaning.
Therefore content can be seen as the base upon which meaning is created. Content itself can be modifiable, and a modification will have a direct correlation to the meaning. Form, on the other hand, is built on top of content. Form does not have a direct correlation to meaning, because it is only a modifier. Form can enhance or change content to either support the meaning created by content, or alter it. The two attributes are inseparable. You cannot have content without some type of form to it, and you cannot have form without content.
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